We muslims have the strange habit of attributing every new scientific discovery with unknown scientist of Muslim origin. Most vocal Muslims even say herbal remedies or alternative medicine is a Muslim invention, I will doubt that as there aren't many herbs in Saudi desert are they? Once I raised the same question with an Arab friend of mine
who even declared that buses are copy of donkey carts, then I pointed out that most donkey carts I noticed are fitted with derelict car chessis. Do you think Muslims who cheat in exams are lazy to produce any organic idea have produced anything useful, I will have my concerns for their discovery. Shed some light on this for everyones delight please. Please try not to copy and paste wiki world.
PKPolitics Discuss » Video Links
Muslim contribution in Science and Technology
(129 posts)-
Potohari
BlockedPosted 2 years ago on 11 Jun 2009 18:46 # -
To keep it short, muslims were pioneers and contributed for many diverse field of science acknowldged by the western world. They also perfected much by their very own research by following leads from the Greeks and others. What west has done is they carried scientfic research done by muslims forward leading to a huge number of new inventions and technologies and that continues till date while the muslims, for what ever reasons discontinued this since some centuries back.
Posted 2 years ago on 11 Jun 2009 18:56 # -
Potohari
BlockedVery ambiguous indeed. Please can you relate anything modern with Muslim contribution. In Pakistan most kids copy or rot learn I am not sure what Muslims did 1200 years ago.
Posted 2 years ago on 11 Jun 2009 18:59 # -
One may be amazed of the flora and fauna of the Middle East, the island of Scrota, Madagascar, Somalia, Ethiopia, Egypt, regardless of terrain and climate, is very rich in diversity. No doubt traditional Greek-Arabic herbal knowledge and practice holds a high place in the science of traditional medicine.
Posted 2 years ago on 11 Jun 2009 19:02 # -
Potohari
BlockedWhat about Indian contribution in herbal medicine, don't you think Muslims learned Indian medicine as well. I am not sure about geography and its contribution, please explain if you can.
Posted 2 years ago on 11 Jun 2009 19:05 # -
chechen
MemberThe biggest contribution that Muslims did was the integration of Science-materialistic domain with Deen (I wouldn't translate deen as religion. It is much more comprehensive)
The secular education prevalent in West and aped by us today is devoid of God almighty and hence the confusion and moral decadence in West. Quran has all the answers for questions that Scientist are uanable to answer this day. For example- the origin of universe. Scientist claim it was big bang but fail to answer what happened before big bang. Same with theory of evolution. If you take of the vital ingredient of life and death and all between- ie God Almighty you are doomed.
I will repeat Allama again
Dhoondne wala sitaroun ki guzargaahoun ka
apni afkaar ki dunya ka safar kar na sakaPosted 2 years ago on 11 Jun 2009 19:06 # -
@Potohari
If provided an email I may be able to post some very useful ebooks/documents, in this regard. Regarding research in general and invention in particular, is more of a collective effort/teamwork nowadays, and not much of a 'one man' show as it used to be.Posted 2 years ago on 11 Jun 2009 19:09 # -
Potohari
Blockedlol@ chechen, he has all the attributes of double agents. lol. None compromising, unrelentless and so on. Don't you think Jews and Christians did that as well, I mean using religion as a base, what about christian and jewish schools in west, and believe you me they are on the top of the ladder.
Posted 2 years ago on 11 Jun 2009 19:10 # -
Potohari
BlockedAbove all Iqbal was a social thinker not a scientist.
Posted 2 years ago on 11 Jun 2009 19:11 # -
@Potohari
Indian contribution to herbal medicine, is a vast subject, out of the scope of discussion over here. Now a days it is only found on the internet. I have done my research on this subject; like I have said I will post some relevant stuff if provided with an email.Posted 2 years ago on 11 Jun 2009 19:12 # -
Potohari
BlockedI think it will be better if we stick with this forum, I mean emails are very private with due respect and will kill the spirit of online community.
Posted 2 years ago on 11 Jun 2009 19:14 # -
chechen
MemberAbove all Iqbal was a social thinker not a scientist.
This is the problem. We cannot segregate domains into social, sceintific etc. Whatever Iqbal thought and wrote was under the framework of Quran and Hadith. You can be top notch scientist and philosopher but if you are beyond the threshold of Quran and sunnah then you are in unchartered territory and prone to error and known social scientist and was authority in his subject. What was his education worth? Most scientists are atheists and are confused.
Posted 2 years ago on 11 Jun 2009 19:25 # -
I will just say that the indian herbals or the so called ayurveda as is propagated on the net, is more of a propaganda than a reality. In depth study has shown a deeply flawed system that is not consistent with their claimed 15,000 years of knowledge. Basically it is some knowledge using herbs but more of myth and tantric rituals. Other systems such as the Chinese Traditional Medicine, The Greek-Arab (Unani)system etc are more scientific refuting mythology and magic rituals and therefore more successful.
Posted 2 years ago on 11 Jun 2009 19:25 # -
Potohari
Blockedlol@chechen, I think either you don't understand the thread or straight talkingly :confused. Most notable scientists are/were rather religious, don't you know about Einstein who was jewish?
Posted 2 years ago on 11 Jun 2009 19:27 # -
nagatorpun
MemberPure ****, Now a days religiously motivated muslims scientists are trying to extract energy from djinns(Quaid University paper)... Muslims are not interested in science anymore, the people who were, they were presecuted by mullahs until they left science or killed. Interestingly these alims of ours were the first to ban science from madrassahs.
Now they claim that Muslim scientists were because of them.. It is total ****.
And yes most of the scientists don't take any religion for granted because they believe in observations and understanding of nature which religion tries to stop. And yes most of them are and will be non religious or will not count any contribution of religion into their work.Posted 2 years ago on 11 Jun 2009 19:33 # -
@Chechen
Exactly, our system of herbal medicine as taught in tibbya colleges is devoid of some hindu evils such as the use of doubtful animal matter. I will quote an example. Tinctures were developed by the west saturating volatile/nonvolatile essential oils in alcohol, while muslims opted for Araks and Oils for the same purpose, basically aqueous or oily solutions. The 'still' for araks is a muslim invention while 'kushta' or rightfully known as 'bhassam' (ash) is a hindu invention, not much favoured in the muslim herbal medicine. Although some that are not poison based such as 'kushta marwareed' or 'sadaf' are. Metallic or bhassams from poisons are not favoured by hakims because we firmly believe 'when Allah (swt) has created shifa in nonpoisonous creations, that why should we opt for the poisonous ones'.Posted 2 years ago on 11 Jun 2009 19:35 # -
yes...
this tribe of molvis is our real enemy who keeps us backward....do a survey and you will find out!
Jinns never help anyone never ......
all is a lie, this islamic history is nothing but fiction! if not then let them give me a proof...
everything is copied and cheated from syrian jews or persian zoros...
Mulla!
Posted 2 years ago on 11 Jun 2009 19:35 # -
Potohari
Blockedsemirza I think our attribute anything then VODKA was invented by Jabbar bin Hayan who invented disstillation process. VODKA which has 70% alcohol is quitessentially Muslim invention.
Posted 2 years ago on 11 Jun 2009 19:37 # -
nagatorpun
Member@Potohari. You are getting it wrong einstein was jewish by origin but he was not jewish by belief. And he has written a complete book on this matter...
Some of his quotes:
1- I believe in Spinoza's God who reveals himself in the orderly harmony of what exists, not in a God who concerns himself with the fates and actions of human beings.
Comment: If you know spinoza then you will understand it.2-The word god is for me nothing more than the expression and product of human weaknesses, the Bible a collection of honourable, but still primitive legends which are nevertheless pretty childish. No interpretation no matter how subtle can (for me) change this.
3-For me the Jewish religion like all others is an incarnation of the most childish superstitions. And the Jewish people to whom I gladly belong and with whose mentality I have a deep affinity have no different quality for me than all other people. As far as my experience goes, they are no better than other human groups, although they are protected from the worst cancers by a lack of power. Otherwise I cannot see anything "chosen" about them.
Posted 2 years ago on 11 Jun 2009 19:38 # -
jabbar ibn hayan was spanish i belive, spanish have a great affection towards "cerveza" and "tequila"...
Mulla!
Posted 2 years ago on 11 Jun 2009 19:39 # -
Potohari
BlockedThanks nagatorpun for sharing that with me.
Posted 2 years ago on 11 Jun 2009 19:39 # -
chechen
MemberPotohari, They were religious outwardly. They had relegated religion to sunday and saturday worship. They had strict separation of science and religion. When they did dicoveries they never mentioned God. God was just in their churches and not in labs. They have concept of dualism which Islam never had. In Islam, God permeates into every thing from cradle to grave.
Posted 2 years ago on 11 Jun 2009 19:40 # -
@potohari
We know about Einstein and the jews. What about Edison, he claims 1000 inventions to his name. Does this ring any bells or you will just keep on refusing to draw from history, science and religion, all, to arrive at a logical conclusion. It is better to leave this thread than to be labelled confused. No hard feelings.Posted 2 years ago on 11 Jun 2009 19:40 # -
Potohari
BlockedHave you read Old testament @chechen, its text is very similar to Qoran.
Posted 2 years ago on 11 Jun 2009 19:42 # -
we are still waiting for proof from the sahaba's life about scientific discovery...
and you guys are taking the thread to other sides....
becarefull from the evil of distraction....
Mulla!
Posted 2 years ago on 11 Jun 2009 19:42 # -
Potohari
BlockedMulla come on I nicked your thread , sorry matie, but don't complain as I am a ****. lol. They can't produce nothing, they are ranting and staying at their ground, just because they have to defend something even there is no argument.
Posted 2 years ago on 11 Jun 2009 19:46 # -
nagatorpun
Member@Mulla
I guess....There is none!!!!!!!Posted 2 years ago on 11 Jun 2009 19:47 # -
chechen
MemberMulla, Is your Kalima la ilaha Scientificallah? Stop bringing sahaba karaam RA to your twisted logic. Leave those stars alone. After Khan Sahib explained to you above you are still uttering blasphemy. Too much bandar ki aulaad education has taken its toll on your brain cells.
Posted 2 years ago on 11 Jun 2009 19:49 # -
Potohari
Blockedchechen Mulla is just asking you question and you have started a personal defamming compaign. I think you are educated and should respect other forum use, even if you don't understand the thread. No one can harm stars.
Posted 2 years ago on 11 Jun 2009 19:52 # -
Jaber bin hayan is not known for the distillation of alcohol.Rather synthesis of nitric and othe acids is associated to him.Alcohol was distilled, is a controversial topic, as the use of khamer before, and nabeez later are known non distillates at that time. They are mentioned in prehistory of Iraq when civilization cultivated barley and wheat and soon after learnt the process of fermentation of grain. This was a long long time before the Arabic quest for science.
Posted 2 years ago on 11 Jun 2009 19:52 # -
Potohari
BlockedI think no one is more Arab than iraqis, or am I wrong?
Posted 2 years ago on 11 Jun 2009 19:53 # -
nagatorpun
Member@chechen
What is the contribution of religion except tyrannies, murders,wars and suffering.
On the other end overall impact of science was positive although there are cases when it was used wrongly.Posted 2 years ago on 11 Jun 2009 19:55 # -
proof ?
pooff?
hahaha
Mulla!
Posted 2 years ago on 11 Jun 2009 19:57 # -
Potohari
BlockedProof nah you need to think of signs, there is no proof, you accept it or goto Jahanam. lol
Posted 2 years ago on 11 Jun 2009 19:58 # -
chechen
Membernagatorpon, Really,
The biggest mass murderer inhistory was not Hitler but Stalin an atheist. So stop this religion crap involved in killings, tyranny , murders. Murad said approximately half billion were killed by West and none were "religious" wars.
Colonialism was due to greed and racism. World Wars were due to nationalism, and so on and so forth.
Let me quote Murad Hoffman new Muslim former German Ambassador:
Let us now take a good look at the record of that marvelous, self-appointed center of rationality, the enlightened Western world. Since the 18th century, in contrast to the high ideals pronounced and exported, what one discovers in terms of actual behavior is highly disturbing: Slave-trading, extermination of native populations, apartheid and colonialism. approximately half billion were killed.
-slave trading, apartheid, colonialism-countless millions killed; two savage world wars-56 million killed ; Stalinist massacres-29 million killed and the Nazi holocaust-6 million ; ethnic (in reality, religious) cleansing in Bosnia, Chechnya, Kosova and atomic warfare against civilians in Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
These disasters were the bloodiest the world has ever seen. But even if Western people were not at war with each other, they have behaved violently against nature: against animals, plants and even minerals-to the point that the destruction of resources and environmental disasters like air pollution threaten the survival of mankind.
None of the bloody excesses I mentioned took place in the Muslim world; and yet the West, in spite of such a record, has the nerve to ask the rest of the world to follow its example and to deny not only the existence, but also the possibility, of an alternative.Posted 2 years ago on 11 Jun 2009 20:03 # -
I just want them to rethink and ask for proof from the same people who they call ulema!
ask them for empirical proof....
Mulla!
Posted 2 years ago on 11 Jun 2009 20:04 # -
Potohari
BlockedYeah he printed history for you, but not proof. Distractions distractions distractions every where.
Posted 2 years ago on 11 Jun 2009 20:06 # -
Lots of Christians left christianity and the reason was clear : It contradicts science ! What about Muslims?
Astronomy
Muslims have always had a special interest in astronomy. The moon and the sun are of vital importance in the daily life of every Muslim. By the moon, Muslims determine the beginning and the end of the months in their lunar calendar. By the sun the Muslims calculate the times for prayer and
fasting. It is also by means of astronomy that Muslims can determine the precise direction of the Kiblah, to face the Kiblah in Makah, during prayer. The most precise solar calendar, superior to the Julian, is the Jilali, devised under the supervision of Umar Khayyam. The Qur'an contains many references to astronomy.The heavens and the earth were ordered rightly, and were made" subservient to man, including the sun, the moon, the stars, and day and night. Every heavenly body moves in an orbit assigned to it by God and never digresses, making the universe an orderly cosmos whose life and existence, diminution and expansion, are totally determined by the Creator." Qur'an 30:22
These references, and the injunctions to learn, inspired the early Muslim scholars to study the heavens. They integrated the earlier works of the Indians, Persians and Greeks into a new synthesis. Ptolemy's Almagest (the title as we know it is Arabic) was translated, studied and criticized. Many new
stars were discovered, as we see in their Arabic names - Algol, Deneb, Betelgeuse, Rigel, Aldebaran.Astronomical tables were compiled, among them the Toledan tables, which were used by Copernicus, Tycho Brahe and Kepler. Also compiled were almanacs - another Arabic term. Other terms from Arabic are zenith, nadir, albedo, azimuth
Muslim astronomers were the first to establish observatories, like the one built in Persia, and they
invented instruments such as the quadrant and astrolabe, which led to advances not only in astronomy but in oceanic navigation, contributing to the European age of explorationGeography
Muslim scholars paid great attention to geography. In fact, the Muslims' great concern for geography originated with their religion. The Qur'an encourages people to travel throughout the earth to see God's signs and patterns everywhere. Islam also requires each Muslim to have at least enough
knowledge of geography to know the direction of the Qiblah (the position of the Ka'bah in Makkah) in order to pray five times a day. Muslims were also used to taking long journeys to conduct trade as well as to make the Hajj and spread their religion. The far-flung Islamic empire enabled scholar-explorers to compile large amounts of geographical and climatic information from the Atlantic to the Pacific.
Among the most famous names in the field of geography, even in the West, are Ibn Khaldun and Ibn Batuta, renowned for their written accounts of their extensive explorations. In 1166, Al-Idrisi, the well-known Muslim scholar who served the Sicilian court, produced very accurate maps, including a world
map with all the continents and their mountains, rivers and famous cities. Al-Muqdishi was the first geographer to produce accurate maps in color. It was, moreover, with the help of Muslim navigators and their inventions that Magellan was able to traverse the Cape of Good Hope, and Da Gama and
Columbus had Muslim navigators on board their shipsHumanity
Seeking knowledge is obligatory in Islam for every Muslim, man and woman. The main sources of Islam, the Qur'an and the Sunnah (Prophet Muhammad's traditions), encourage Muslims to seek knowledge and be scholars, since this is the best way for people to know Allah (God), to appreciate His wondrous creations and be thankful for them. Muslims were therefore eager to seek knowledge, both religious and secular, and within a few years of Muhammad's mission, a great civilization sprang up and flourished. The outcome is shown in the spread of Islamic universities; Al-Zaytunah in Tunis,
and Al-Azhar in Cairo go back more than 1,000 years and are the oldest existing universities in the world. Indeed, they were the models for the first European universities, such as Bologna, Heidelberg, and the Sorbonne. Even the familiar academic cap and gown originated at Al-Azhar University.Muslims made great advances in many different fields, such as geography, physics, chemistry, mathematics, medicine, pharmacology, architecture, linguistics and astronomy. Algebra and the Arabic numerals were introduced to the world by Muslim scholars. The astrolabe, the quadrant, and other navigational devices and maps were developed by Muslim scholars and played an important role in world progress, most notably in Europe's age of exploration Muslim scholars studied the ancient civilizations from Greece and Rome to China and India. The works of Aristotle, Ptolemy, Euclid and others were translated into Arabic.
Muslim scholars and scientists then added their own creative ideas, discoveries and inventions, and finally transmitted this new knowledge to Europe, leading directly to the Renaissance. Many scientific and medical treatises, having been translated into Latin, were standard text and reference books as late as the 17th and 18th centuries
Mathematics
It is interesting to note that Islam so strongly urges mankind to study and explore the universe. For example, the Holy Qur'an states We (Allah) will show you (mankind) Our signs/patterns in the"
horizons/universe and in yourselves until you are convinced that the revelation is the truth." Qur'an, 14:53This invitation to explore and search made Muslims interested in astronomy, mathematics, chemistry, and the other sciences, and they had a very clear and firm understanding of the correspondences among geometry, mathematics, and astronomy
The Muslims invented the symbol for zero (The word "cipher" comes from Arabic sifr), and they organized the numbers into the decimal system – base 10. Additionally, they invented the symbol to express an unknown quantity, i.e. variables like x
The first great Muslim mathematician, Al-Khawarizmi, invented the subject of algebra (al-Jabr), which was further developed by others, most notably Umar Khayyam. Al-Khawarizmi's work, in Latin translation, brought the Arabic numerals along with the mathematics to Europe, through Spain. The word "algorithm" is derived from his name
Muslim mathematicians excelled also in geometry, as can be seen in their graphic arts, and it was the great Al-Biruni (who excelled also in the fields of natural history, even geology and mineralogy) who established trigonometry as a distinct branch of mathematics. Other Muslim mathematicians made significant progress in number theory
Medicine
In Islam, the human body is a source of appreciation, as it is created by Almighty Allah (God). How it functions, how to keep it clean and safe, how to prevent diseases from attacking it or cure those diseases, have been important issues for Muslims Prophet Muhammad himself urged people to "take medicines for your diseases", as people at that time were reluctant to do so. He also said: "God
created no illness, but established for it a cure, except for old age. When the "antidote is applied, the patient will recover with the permission of God.
This was strong motivation to encourage Muslim scientists to explore, develop, and apply empirical laws. Much attention was given to medicine and public health care. The first hospital was built in Baghdad in 706 AC. The Muslims also used camel caravans as mobile hospitals, which moved from
place to placeSince the religion did not forbid it, Muslim scholars used human cadavers to study anatomy and physiology and to help their students understand how the body functions. This empirical study enabled surgery to develop very quickly Al-Razi, known in the West as Rhazes, the famous physician and scientist, (d. 932) was one of the greatest physicians in the world in the Middle Ages. He stressed empirical observation and clinical medicine and was unrivaled as a diagnostician. He also wrote a treatise on hygiene in hospitals. Khalaf AbulQasim Al-Zahrawi was a very famous surgeon in the eleventh century, known (in Europe for his work, Concessio (Kitab al-Tasrif Ibn Sina (d. 1037), better known to the West as Avicenna, was perhaps the greatest physician until the modern era. His famous book, Al-Qanun fi al-Tibb, remained a standard textbook even in Europe, for over 700 years. Ibn Sina's
work is still studied and built upon in the West.Other significant contributions were made in pharmacology, such as Ibn Sina's Kitab al-Shifa' (Book of Healing), and in public health. Every major city in the Islamic world had a number of excellent hospitals, some of them teaching hospitals, and many of them were specialized for particular
diseases, including mental and emotional. The Ottomans were particularly noted for their building of hospitals and for the high level of hygiene practiced in them.Posted 2 years ago on 11 Jun 2009 20:27 # -
nagatorpun
Member@chechen
you must be reading books which were written for you or your kind of people...hitler was a christian(not a scientist) read his biography....
All other people were communists but they were not killing in the name of science they were killing to get more power....So stop behaving like a ****. Give me one example that somebody killed someone in the name of science....
Posted 2 years ago on 11 Jun 2009 20:28 # -
nagatorpun
MemberProof is what we need from you.. chechen bhayya
Posted 2 years ago on 11 Jun 2009 20:33 # -
chechen
MemberScience gave them the weapons of mass destruction. It is not science you ****, it is the one who uses or misuses science. Hitler misused science, Stalin misused science, America misused science to slaughter millions in Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Science is an object controlled and abused unfortunately by maniacs.
Posted 2 years ago on 11 Jun 2009 20:36 # -
nagatorpun
MemberNobody is denying that there were some scientists 1200 years ago who made some truly remarkable discoveries, the real question is does these discoveries had anything to do with religion or it was because of there inquisitive minds..
If you understand this, you will know that religion has nothing to do with science. A scientist works beyond religion and in majority of cases religion hampers science.
Posted 2 years ago on 11 Jun 2009 20:37 # -
What ever the era, muslim scientics remained faithful to their faith, Islam. Abdul Salam and AQ Khan are muslims.
Posted 2 years ago on 11 Jun 2009 20:55 # -
skyfacts
BlockedOnly religion gives you the exact way to go out.It gives you only the moral character to go with.And offcourse it tells you to make safe its boundaries if you have to fight between yourself.This is the case with sahabas RTA fights among themselves,not to gain more power but to establish the writ of the religion.And when it does clear that both of the sides were on right than they again grouped altogether for a friendship.
Abubakkar Sidiq RTA find MIRAJ as a truth by the Muhammad SAWW without any doubt,and called SIDIQ due to this acceptance of MITAJI NABAWI,but science cannot still have so much information and proof about MIRAJ.
WO KHUDA MAST HAWAOON PY GUZAR RAKHTHY HAIN.
Posted 2 years ago on 11 Jun 2009 20:56 # -
skyfacts
Blockedsemirza
abdul salam QADIYANI,AND NON-MUSLIM.
Posted 2 years ago on 11 Jun 2009 20:58 # -
chechen
Member"A scientist works beyond religion and in majority of cases religion hampers science."
This was true for Western scientists and discoveries. The dicoveries were in contradiction to religious dogmas embedded in Bible. Hence the persecution of Galileo when he said world was round. The bible as we know was tampered amd mixed with fables and stories over a period of time. And it was wisdom of God Almighty to reveal Quran after 600 years of Jesus RA. Quran is word of God until doomsday and never contradicted any statement of science. Rather, it complimented it . For example the scientists and astronomers have concluded that the Universe is expanding. This statement is already in Quran 1400 years back that universe is expanding:
In 51:47, Allah says,
“It is We who have raised the Heaven high with force, and verily, it is
We who are steadily expanding it”.Einstein admitted his mistake in 1929 when Edwin Hubble an astronomer at Caltech, made a critical discovery that the universe is expanding and showed that distant galaxies were, indeed, receding from the earth, and the further away they were, the faster they were moving. That discovery
changed cosmology.The Creator of the Universe, Allah, had already indicated more than 1400 years ago that the universe is expanding. He says in Quran,
41:53 In time We will show them Our Signs in the utmost Horizons and within themselves, so that it will become clear to them that this Qur'an is indeed the Truth. Is it not enough for them to know that your Lord is Witness to all things (including this proclamation)?
Quran and Science
http://www.quranicteachings.co.uk/science.htmThe Christian beliefs were hampering science and hence they relegated religion to sunday worship and secularized the sciences. No such thing in Islam.
Posted 2 years ago on 11 Jun 2009 21:06 # -
man see how they avoid bringing proof and just listen to their crap long winded farting stories!
when molvi failed to "show" that prayer works, his speeches about jahanum were masterpieces....
Mulla!
Posted 2 years ago on 11 Jun 2009 21:14 # -
chechen
MemberQuranic Ayat are farting stories? How low you can get man?
Posted 2 years ago on 11 Jun 2009 21:25 # -
netengr
blockedto me contribution in science and technology is nothing to do with religion .
the country which has good education system and supportive environment will produce scientist .
there hsould not be any comparison between Muslim and non Muslim scientist .
Religion is based on spirituality ,Islamic core is based on faith and rituals where the science is based on experience .Posted 2 years ago on 11 Jun 2009 21:30 # -
A vivid imagination, powerful observation, extreme dedication may be tools for a research scientist or an inventor, muslim or not but on the other hand if a practicing muslim looks for ayat 'signs' from the holliest of the holy book Quarran, and his research is based on such devine guidance, than what is wrong with that?
Posted 2 years ago on 11 Jun 2009 21:39 #
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